![]() ![]() The committee selected these topics to discuss in particular for their relevance to the U.S. This chapter updates key statistics regarding use and misuse of prescription opioids, identifies risk factors for opioid-related harms, describes the recent increase in use of heroin and illicitly manufactured synthetic opioids and its relation to the prescription opioid epidemic, describes the impact of prescription opioids on illicit markets, reviews the current state of surveillance systems, and summarizes recent trends in treatment of OUD and use of naloxone to prevent overdose deaths. ![]() The opioid epidemic's toll is felt across the life span and in every sociodemographic group, but more heavily burdens vulnerable populations, such as those in economically depressed areas of the country. Each day 90 Americans die prematurely from an overdose that involves an opioid ( Rudd et al., 2016b), leaving families and friends bereft. Current national trends indicate that each year more people die of overdoses-the majority of which involve opioid drugs-than died in the entirety of the Vietnam War, the Korean War, or any armed conflict since the end of World War II. Not since the HIV/AIDS epidemic has the United States faced as devastating and lethal a health problem as the current crisis of opioid misuse and overdose and opioid use disorder (OUD). ![]()
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